Training visual attention in a naturalistic visual environment

The efficiency of training visual attention in the central and peripheral visual field was investigated by means of a visual detection task that was performed in a naturalistic visual environment including numerous, time-varying visual distractors. We investigated the minimum number of repetitions of the training required to obtain the top performance and whether intra-day training improved performance as efficiently as inter-day training. Additionally, our research aimed to find out whether exposure to a demanding task such as a microsurgical intervention may cancel out the effects of training.

Results showed that performance in visual attention peaked within three (for tasks in the central visual field) to seven (for tasks in the periphery) days subsequent to training. Intra-day training had no significant effect on performance. When attention training was administered after exposure to stress, improvement of attentional performance was more pronounced than when training was completed before the exposure. Our findings support the implementation of training in situ at work for more efficient results.

Practitioner Summary: Visual attention is important in an increasing number of workplaces, such as with surveillance, inspection, or driving. This study shows that it is possible to train visual attention efficiently within three to seven days. Because our study was executed in a naturalistic environment, training results are more likely to reflect the effects in the real workplace.     

物联网中基于Multi-Agent的物间动态关系发现

物联网中存在大量异构关系的实体，其信息间的交互造成了物联网的内在矛盾。针对这一问题，提出将物联网中实体抽象化为对应的Agent，并以个体人为中心，利用本体的语义匹配及改进的物间动态关系计算方法，计算出针对个体人的物间动态关系；将原本异构的实体关系转化为Agent间基于动态关系紧密度排序的网络关系。经实验验证，该方法构建的关系网络可明显改善异构实体间交互的矛盾，而且相比原有类似方法，该方法解决问题的准确率和误差率均有改善，说明了该方法的准确性和可行性。     

基于动态距离的模糊社区识别算法

社区识别技术是公共安全领域潜在危害行为预警预测和已发生危害行为追踪溯源的基础，针对传统社区识别算法将社区视作单一集合而无法描述社区主次成员的问题，提出一种基于动态距离的模糊社区识别算法。该算法将传统的单一社区结构划分为核心区域和边际区域，以边际区域来描述社区的模糊区间。该算法首先将网络设想为动态演变模型，网络中的任意节点均会与其他节点产生互动，互动将改变各节点间距离，距离也反过来影响互动。在阈值的界定下，受到多个社区吸引的节点被划分到边际区域，最终距离分布趋于稳定，各个社区结构得以显现。通过对比实验验证了CDFDD算法在社区识别上的有效性。     

基于PSO-ELM模型的潜油柱塞泵冲次优化方法

为改进油井后期泵效低下、能耗高等缺陷，提出了一种基于PSO-ELM模型的潜油柱塞泵冲次优化方法.采用粒子群（PSO）算法与极限学习机（ELM）相结合的方式来实现动液面软测量建模；根据动液面及潜油柱塞泵工作电流变化，以油井运行经济性最优为目的建立目标函数得到潜油柱塞泵冲次，解决了在油井生产时不能准确调节抽油机冲次问题；最后以目标函数关系建立模糊控制器模型，根据输入参数调整潜油柱塞泵冲次.实验结果表明，建立的软测量模型预测动液面精度高，模糊控制器能够更加合理地调整抽油机冲次，最终达到智能调整冲次大小、提高油井采油率及节能的目的.     

Eliciting and measuring hesitance in decision-making

Hesitance is an innate human psychological phenomenon pervasive in our daily life. Although it is very complex and still not fully understood, there have been many studies related to this interesting topic. In this study, we proposed two fundamental problems about hesitance: the first is the generating problem, which is related to how to elicit hesitance information from human thinking; the second is the measuring problem, which is related to how to devise effective and reasonable methods to measure hesitance degrees from given hesitance information. With these two fundamental questions, we first discussed and analyzed several examples in real life involving hesitance, showing that it can indeed be recorded and represented. Then we roughly classified the hesitance information into two major classes: static hesitance and dynamic hesitance. Some simple and interesting methods were proposed to elicit hesitance, and more reasonable methods were proposed to measure the hesitance degree from the two classes of hesitance information. All methods that have been discussed in this study try to avoid complexity in every aspect while reserving strictness and reasonability; therefore, the present study provides suitable information for practitioners with different backgrounds.     

水射流表面改性对国产Zirlo锆合金包壳管加速腐蚀氧化膜形貌的影响

为进一步提高国产锆合金包壳管性能,提高反应堆安全性,对国产Zirlo锆合金进行水射流冲击强化,研究在高温高压水腐蚀条件下不同冲击压力对样品表面氧化膜的影响,并与未冲击样品进行对比。结果表明,样品表面在不同压力的冲击下耐蚀性差异较大,当冲击压力达到40 MPa时样品表面氧化膜状态较好,相比于未冲击样品氧化膜厚度减少4.3%,在10 MPa和20 MPa冲击下则出现腐蚀加速情况。     

沿空切顶成巷段巷道围岩变形规律研究

以宏景塔一矿回采工作面为研究对象,基于切顶卸压无煤柱自动成巷技术原理,采用数值模拟计算和现场实测的方法,对该矿成巷段巷道围岩支承压力分布及围岩变形规律进行分析。研究结果表明:随着工作面向前推进,巷道围岩支承压力呈先增大后减小最后趋于稳定的变化趋势,支承压力稳定值为13.5 MPa;受工作面回采动压的影响,距离工作面70 m以内,锚索受力急剧增大到恒阻值、巷道围岩变形明显;距离工作面70~150 m,锚索受力迅速减小、巷道围岩变形逐渐变缓;在距离工作面150 m之后,锚索受力仅有微量变化、巷道围岩变形趋于稳定。因此确定支护体回撤保守安全位置为工作面后方150 m。工程实践表明:所设支护体回撤距离能够应对巷道围岩变形,成巷效果良好。     

输气管道仿真模型校正技术研究进展

为了解决输气管道仿真系统存在计算值与实际值偏差的问题,对解决该问题的模型校正技术展开国内外调研。提出造成仿真计算不精准的三个主要误差来源:输入参数测量误差、缓变参数误差、手工输入误差。最后通过分析国内外仿真模型校正技术研究现状,建议在动态仿真的基础开展输气管道的模型校正技术研究,以避免输气管道系统数据波动带来的误差。     

湿法氧化锌种类和用量对天然橡胶性能的影响

研究湿法氧化锌种类和用量对天然橡胶(NR)性能的影响。结果表明:与添加普通氧化锌的胶料相比,对于未填充炭黑NR体系,减半用量的湿法氧化锌混炼胶的焦烧时间和t90较短,Fmax较大;硫化胶的定伸应力、拉伸强度和剪切模量(G′)较大,拉断伸长率、损耗模量(G″)和损耗因子(tanδ)较小。对于填充炭黑NR体系,减半用量的湿法氧化锌混炼胶的门尼粘度、G′和G″较大,tanδ较小,焦烧时间和t90较短,Fmax较大;硫化胶的密度稍低,硬度和定伸应力较大,耐老化性能较好,玻璃化温度较低,tanδ较小,其他物理性能变化不大。湿法氧化锌FF的性能优于湿法氧化锌HR。     

不同润湿表面液体沸腾的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究纳米尺度下液氩在过热基板上的沸腾过程。通过调节固液间相互作用的方式改变壁面润湿性，模拟并分析了壁面润湿性对沸腾过程中能量传递和液体运动情况的影响。结果表明：不同润湿性表面均会发生固液分离的现象，但是固体表面附近吸附的氩原子数密度随润湿性增强而增大；润湿性较强时，液体的能量上升快，热通量高，液体内部温度梯度大，发生固液分离时间早，系统中氩的温度和能量低，上升过程中液氩密度、厚度变化小；润湿性较弱时，液体的能量上升慢，热通量小，液体内部温度梯度小，发生固液分离时间延后，系统中氩的温度、能量更高，上升过程中液氩密度、厚度变化较大。下部气体压力整体上大于上部气体压力，发生固液分离时润湿性越强的表面上液体上下压差越大，首次上升过程能达到的高度越高，所需时间越短。